Noam Chomsky defined competence as the underlying knowledge each speaker-hearer has about the language of his or her community. In contrast, performance refers to an actual communicative act of speaking or hearing. In this distinction, performance is an incomplete and inaccurate demonstration of what an individual knows about his or her language.
The competence-performance distinction is an important one in linguistics. One of the major goals of linguistic research is to discover how children develop language. Another is to understand how language functions within the human brain. The disadvantage of this approach is that the learners are unable to use the language in a natural way. This type of approach concentrates on getting learners to do things with the language.
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